IMPACT OF ALCOHOL ON THE
CITY OF
Preliminary Research
by
Submitted to the City
Commission of Collegedale
(Available at http://www.eppygreen.com “Communities
Crier”)
IMPACT OF ALCOHOL ON COLLEGEDALE
STATISTICS
1. Does the City of
Alcohol
is society's legal, oldest and most popular drug. (Narcotic Educational
Foundation of
2. Why
would the Commissioners knowingly walk the City of
In real
dollars, alcohol costs less today than in 1981 because alcohol excise tax rates
have failed to keep up with inflation. (Drug Strategies, 1999)
3. Why would the City of
The
availability of alcohol within a community can influence drinking rates and
related problems (Drug Strategies, 1999)
a. Children &
Young People - The median age at which children begin drinking is 13.
Young people who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to
develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21.
(CADCA, 1996)
b. College Students
- Each year, college students spend approximately $5.5 billion on alcohol- more
than they spend on soft drinks, milk, juice, tea, coffee and books combined.
(Drug Strategies, 1999)
c. Young Adults - The highest prevalence of both
binge and heavy drinking in 2000 was for young adults aged 18 to 25, with the
peak rate occurring at age 21 [Legal age in TN is 21 – at the peak time]. (SAMHSA, 2000)
d. Adults - In a
nationwide survey, Caucasians were more likely than any other race/ethnicity
group to report current use of alcohol in 2000. An estimated 50.7
percent of Caucasians reported past month use. The next highest
rates were for persons reporting more than one race (41.6 percent) and
Hispanics (39.8 percent). The lowest current drinking rate reported was for
Asians (28.0 percent). The rate was 33.7 percent for African
Americans and 35.1 percent for Native Americans/Alaska Natives. (SAMHSA, 2000)
4. Why would the
Commissioners actively promote and/or permit a situation that will
significantly increase crime in the City of
Crime Statistics - Percentages were figured per 1000 population and are
averages of all counties (Wet vs. Dry) (CJI)
a. Crime comparison of 8 major crimes for 1998
Percentage Differences
122% more murder in wet
96% more rape in wet
326% more robberies in wet
127% more aggravated assault in wet
61% more burglaries in wet
29% more thefts in wet
86% more motor vehicle thefts in wet
205% more arson in wet
b. Crime comparison of 7 serious but not major crimes for 1999
Percentage Differences
142% more negligent manslaughter in wet
27% more simple assault in wet
120% more stolen property in wet
92% more vandalism in wet
90% more weapons violations in wet
29% more DUI's in wet
106% more drunkenness in wet
5. Why impose upon the citizens of the City of
A drunk driving crash costs innocent victims $26,000. Comparable crime costs per victim: assault-$19,000; robbery-$13,000; motor vehicle theft-$4,000 (Miller et al, 1996a, 1996b)
6. What
is the advantage in taking a course which will significantly increase the risk
of alcohol-related deaths in the City of
|
|
2001 Total |
2001 Alcohol |
Percent |
|
|
1,251 |
537 |
43 |
7. Why would the City of
Among the
5.3 million convicted offenders under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies
in 1996, nearly 2 million, or about 36 percent, were estimated to have been
drinking at the time of the offense. (
8. Why would the City of
According
to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 40 percent of persons convicted of
homicide and 25 percent of victims had been drinking at the time of the
event. (Hingson et al, October 2001)
9. While ‘liquor by the drink’ will not impact
the city with respect to most transit motorists who patronize our hotel or
eating establishments, is it acceptable to make the City of Collegedale streets
more insecure because of patrons that remain within the City for more than two
hours?
a. One
arrest is made for driving under the influence for every 772 episodes of
driving within two hours of drinking and for every 88 episodes of driving over
the legal limit in the
b. Adult and Juvenile Drug and Drunk Driving Arrests (Wet vs. Dry) (ADH)
1) Average number of Adult Drunk Driving Arrests per 1000 population was 30% more in wet counties
2) Average number of Adult Alcohol Arrests per 1000 population was 34% more in wet counties
c. Almost one-third (33 percent) of all pedestrians 16 years of age or older killed in traffic crashes in 2000 were intoxicated. (NHTSA, 2000)
d. Alcohol involvement, either for the driver or the pedestrian - was reported in 47 percent of the traffic crashes that resulted in pedestrian fatalities. Of the pedestrians involved, 31% were intoxicated. The intoxication rate for the drivers involved was only 12 percent. In 6 percent of the crashes, both the driver and the pedestrian were intoxicated. (NHTSA, 1999)
10. While the City of Collegedale has a fine
D.A.R.E. program that limits crime due to drugs, is it reasonable to undercut
their efforts and permit a drug that fosters more crime than all the other
drugs they are fighting against?
a.
Alcohol is closely linked with violence. According to the Bureau of
Justice Statistics, many more violent crimes are committed under the influence
of alcohol than all other drugs. (Drug Strategies, 1999)
b. Adult and Juvenile Drug Arrests (Wet vs. Dry) (ADH)
1) Average number of Adult Drug Arrests per 1000 population
was 34% more in wet counties
2)
Average number of Juvenile Arrests for Drug Violations per 1000 was 32% more in wet counties
11. Is
it reasonable to permit an environment in the City of
Average Population Growth for 1990 to 2000 (Wet vs. Dry) (USCB)
Wet - 7.4% avg. growth
Dry - 22% avg. growth
12. Why would the City of
Average number of law enforcement personnel needed in 1998 (Wet vs. Dry) (ACIC)
Wet - 1 per 318 citizens
Dry - 1 per 501 citizens
In other words, 37% more law enforcement personnel needed in wet counties
13. What
plausible rationale could the Commissioners give the City of
The total
cost of alcohol use by youth is $58,043 billion per year,2 the equivalent of
$216.22 for every man, woman and child in the
14. What plausible rationale could the Commissioners give the City of Collegedale citizens for the necessity to foist upon their constituents $0.70 ‘tax’ for every ‘liquor by the drink’ served within the city limits in order to acquire inflationary-weakened income for the City? Which Collegedale citizen wants to help others buy their alcoholic beverages?
a. The societal costs of
alcohol-related crashes in
b. The societal costs
[nationally] of alcohol-related crashes averaged $0 .80 per drink
consumed. People other than the drinking driver paid $0.40 per drink.
(Miller, 1999)
15. Why should the City of Collegedale
Commissioners have to subject their constituents to an environment which is
consistently associated with personal risks, injury, insecurity, and subtle
financial cost when Commissioners in a significant number of other communities
have apparently found solutions, other than inflow of inflation-weakened
income, that were more preferable to that of degrading their constituent’s
environment?
Dry
counties:
CONCLUSION
In view of the above information
many of the citizens of the City of
References
(ACIC)
(ADH)
(CADCA) Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of American, National Action Newsletter, Strategier "Preventing Youth Access to Alcohol from Commercial Sources, 1996
(CJI) Criminal Justice
Institute at the
Drug Strategies,
Hingson, Ralph, ScD; Heeren, Timothy, PhD; Zakocs, PHD "Age of Drinking Onset and Involvement in Physical Fights After Drinking"
Levy, D.T., Miller, T.R., Spicer, R. and Stewart, K. "Underage Drinking: Immediate
Consequences and Their Costs," Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation working paper, June 1999.
Miller, Ted et al, Pacific Institute, Calverton, MD, "Impaired Driving in the United States" Calverton, MD: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 1996a, 1996b.
Miller, Ted et al,
Narcotic Educational Foundation of
(NHTSA) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
(NHTSA) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
PIRE.
SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) "Summary of Findings From the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Use" Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Applied Studies
(USCB) US Census Bureau
Zador, P., Krawchuk, S. and Moore, B., "Drinking and Driving Trips, Stops by Police, and Arrests: Analysis of the 1995 National Survey of Drinking and Driving Attitudes and Behavior," Estat, Inc. Rockville, MD funded by NHTSA under contract DTNH22-98-P-05206, in press.
GROUP POINTS TO 'DRY' CITY AS A MODEL FOR SUCCESS
By Chris Menees Messenger
Staff Reporter
Visitors to
But they won't find liquor in
them,
Hester, state director of the
American Family Association of Arkansas, shared information about
In promoting growth for
"We are all interested in
growth, but we differ on the road to get there," said Trena Taylor of
As keys to
"Alcohol in no way is the reason for our growth -- it's not there," he said.
"To me, I think it's because our quality of life is so high and because we don't have alcohol," he said.
There are neither a lack of eating establishments nor manufacturing plants there, Hester said.
Among the many eating establishments in Jonesboro are O'Charley's, Outback Steak-house, Ruby Tuesday, the Dixie Cafe, Cracker Barrel, Colton's Steakhouse & Grill, El Chico's, the International House of Pancakes, Perkins Family Restaurant, Ryan's Family Steakhouse, Western Sizzlin' Steakhouse, Barnhill's Restaurant and El Acapulco.
Hester said Outback officials
initially indicated they would not come to "dry"
The CBC has repeatedly contacted numerous representatives of franchise restaurants to research their requirements for locating in a community. The group has consistently found they most always require a traffic count of between 35,000 and 50,000 minimum, with a population usually in excess of 35,000, within a three- to five-mile radius.
Plus, the successful city boasts four golf courses, two hospitals and a rehabilitation hospital, 22 pharmacies, 13 real estate agencies with 45 agents, 15 real estate developers and Arkansas State University, he said.
"We are a growing town. It's
just a good place in every way," Hester said, adding that
Hester said
MAJOR FRANCHISES LOCATED IN DRY CITIES
Major Hotel
Franchises
Best Western Comfort Inn Days Inn
Hampton Inn
Quality Suites Ramada Limited Ramada Inn
Regency Inn Super 8 Motel
Major Restaurant
Franchises
Arby’s Baskin Robbins Burger King
Domino’s Pizza El
Acapulco El
Fazoli’s Kentucky Fried Chicken
International House of Pancakes O’Charley’s
Outback Steakhouse Papa John’s Pizza
Perkins Restaurant Pizza Hut Pizza Inns
Popeye’s Quizno’s Subs Taco Bell
LOSS TO CITY OF
OF DEANNEXATION
Geographical Loss
1. 17 acres
2. City
of
3. Negative Precedent
Financial Loss
1. Revenue from 3 hotels
a. Assumptions
1) Total of 150 rooms at 50% occupancy rate for 360 nights
2) Hotel tax rate = 5% of gross hotel receipts
b. Computation
1) 150 rooms at 50% occupancy = 75 room nights x 360 nights = 27,000 room nights
2) Gross income = 27,000 room nights x $35 per room = $945,000
3) Revenue generated = $945,000 x 5% tax = $47,500 per year
2. Revenue from 2 restaurants
a. Not currently calculated. Would be in addition to the hotel income of $47,500 per year
SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
OF ANNEXATION WITHOUT LIQUOR BY THE DRINK
Refusing permission for ‘liquor by the drink’ would mean the
City of
a. Officially sanctioning a major drug
b. Inflationary weakened monies produced by liquor tax
c.
Increased influence of drinking rates and related
problems on Collegedale children, youth, college students, and young adults
d. Increased crime expenditures
e. Increased hidden taxes
f. Increased stagnation of city growth
g. Increased police expenditures
h. Increased hidden taxes
i. Increased risk on city streets